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| ¿µÁøÄÚÆÛ·¹ÀÌ¼Ç Á¾ÇÕÄ«´Ù·Î±× |
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Determination of Microbial Soil Respiration with Respirometric Sensor System for Soil Analysis |
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Reference: ISO 16072:2011 Soil quality -- Laboratory methods for determination of microbial soil respiration.
Tested with RESPIROMETRIC Sensor System for soil analysis code SA102B0176 |
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| ¿øº»º¸±â | Application Note ¸®½ºÆ® | |

Introduction
Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº ¹Ì»ý¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À¯±â¹°ÀÇ ¹«±âÈ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ À¯±â¹°Àº »êȵǾî ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¿Í ¹°ÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, È£±â¼º ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ °æ¿ì »ê¼Ò°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Èí¼öµË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ø¸®¸¦ Åä´ë·Î Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº »ê¼Ò ¼Òºñ·® ¹×/¶Ç´Â ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò ¹æÃâ·®À» Á¤·®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀΠȰµ¿¼ºÀ» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº ÀÛ¹°, ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀå, Åä¾ç µ¿¹°, ¹Ì»ý¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Åä¾ç »ý¸íÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Åä¾çÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Åä¾ç °Ç°ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÁöÇ¥·Î¼, »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Ȱµ¿ ¼öÁØ, Åä¾ç À¯±â¹°, ºÐÇØ Á¤µµ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
ƯÈ÷ ºÐÇØ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ À¯±â¹°¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ À¯±â ÀÎ, Áú¼Ò, Ȳ µîÀÇ ¿µ¾ç¼Ò°¡ ¹«±â ÇüÅ·ΠÀüȯµÇ¾î ½Ä¹°ÀÌ Èí¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼´Â Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÅëÇØ Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹°·®À» ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº Åä¾çÀÌ ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀåÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
°æ¿î (Ìééü, ¹ç °¥ÀÌ) ÈÄ¿¡´Â Åä¾ç ÁýÇÕü°¡ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾î À¯±â¹°ÀÌ º¸È£¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϰí Åä¾ç Åë±â¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °úµµÇÑ È£Èí°ú À¯±â¹° ºÐÇØ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ À¯±â¹° °í°¥, Åä¾ç ÁýÇÕ·Â °¨¼Ò, ½Ä¹°°ú ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ ¿µ¾çºÐ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´É¼º Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, ¿µ¾çºÐÀÇ Ãß°¡ ÅõÀÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì ÀÛ¹° »ý»ê·® °¨¼Ò·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
À¯±â¹° ÃàÀû°ú ¼Õ½Ç »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÓ°èÁ¡Àº ÅõÀԵǴ ź¼Ò·®À» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é ¿¹ÃøÇÏ±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.
RESPIROMETRIC ¼¾¼¸¦ ÅëÇØ Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
| •
| Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹° Ȱµ¿¼º Æò°¡ |
| •
| ÷°¡Á¦(¿µ¾çºÐ, ¿À¿°¹°Áú, Åä¾ç °³·®Á¦ µî)°¡ ¹Ì»ý¹° ´ë»ç ¼º´É¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ ±Ô¸í |
| •
| ¹Ì»ý¹°·® ÃøÁ¤ |
Samples
Bio-Organic soil conditioner ID EN99
Reagents required
Absorption of carbon dioxide (Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)) in flakes, commercial grade or non-deliquescent soda lime, 1.0-1.7 mm granules.
Sample Preparation
½ÃÇè Àü Åä¾çÀÇ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åðºñ´Â ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀûÀýÇÑ ½Àµµ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¹Ì»ý¹° Ȱµ¿ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇØÁ® ÅðºñÈ °úÁ¤ (Åðºñ Àüȯ °úÁ¤) ÀÌ Áߴܵǰí, Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« ½ÀÇÏ¸é »ê¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Â Çø±â¼º Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â ¹Ì»ý¹° °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÀϾ
¾ÇÃë°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ½Ä¹°¿¡ µ¶¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ »ê (phyto-toxic acids) ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÅðºñÀÇ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®Àº ÁÖ¸Ô Å×½ºÆ®(punch test) ¶ó´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Åðºñ¸¦ ÇÑ ÁÜ Áã°í ¼¼°Ô Áå µÚ ¼ÕÀ» ÆñÀ» ¶§,
- Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¼Õ¿¡¼ ½±°Ô Èð¾îÁý´Ï´Ù.
- ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®ÀÌ Á¤»óÀ̶ó¸é Åðºñ°¡ ¹¶ÃÄÁø »óÅ·ΠÀ¯ÁöµË´Ï´Ù.
- Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« ½ÀÇϸé Áã¾úÀ» ¶§ ¼Õ¿¡¼ ¹°ÀÌ Èê·¯ ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù.
»óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹°À» Ãß°¡Çϰųª Åðºñ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®À¸·Î Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åä¾çÀÌ ÀûÁ¤ ½Àµµ·Î ÁغñµÇ¸é, °ÇÁ¶ Áú·® ºÐÀ²À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Åä¾çÀÇ ÀûÁ¤ ½Àµµ Á¶Á¤ ÈÄ Åä¾çÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºÎÇǸ¦ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 200/250 mL cylinder ¿¡ di-Water 100 mL ¸¦ ³Ö°í, medium 50/100 gÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
È¥ÇÕÇÑ ÈÄ ÃÖÁ¾ ºÎÇÇ¿¡¼ ¹°ÀÇ ºÎÇǸ¦ »« °ªÀÌ Åä¾çÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºÎÇǰ¡ µË´Ï´Ù.
Analysis Procedure
| 1.
| Set the incubator temperature to the desired value, 20-25¡ÆC. We set the tests at 25¡Æ¡¾1¡ÆC. |
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| 2.
| Connect the Wireless DataBox¢â and fill in the RESPIROSoft¢â software database. |
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| 3.
| Weigh 50 - 200g of well-mixed soil in a beaker and transfer it to a 1-liter flask |
| 4.
| Introduce about 6 pellets of KOH into the alkali collector |
| 5.
| Screw the RESPIROMETRIC Sensors onto each bottle and tighten |
| 6.
| Place the system in the incubator at the test temperature. |
| 7.
| Wait at least 3 hours to reach the correct test temperature and to develop the typical initial pressure increase.
| ¡Ü
| This growth is due to vapor pressure and air flask heating |
| •
| To remove the additional pressure, we recommend venting test bottles to the atmospheric pressure (by briefly loosening the ring nut). |
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| 8.
| Press START and run the test for at least 15 days. |
Free Gas Volume calculation
| Free gas ºÎÇÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù : |
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| - Vfg |
: the free gas volume, in liters |
| - Vtot |
: the total volume of the measuring vessel without soil, adsorption vessel and absorption material, in liters |
| - Vav |
: the absorption vessel volume, in liters |
| - Vam |
: the absorption material volume, in liters |
| - Vsm |
: the moist soil volume, in liters |
Dry Soil Mass calculation
| Dry soil ÀÇ Áú·®Àº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù : |
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| - msd |
: Dry soil mass (kg) |
| - msm |
: Moist soil mass (kg) |
| - Wsd |
: Dry mass fraction of the moist soil sample |
O©ü Consumption Rate calculation
| O©ü ºñÀ²Àº ´ÙÀ½ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù : |
 |
| - RO©ü |
: O©ü consumption rate on a soil dry mass basis (mg O©ü¡¤g?1¡¤h?1) |
| - 32000 |
: Molar mass of oxygen (mg/mol) |
| - Vfg |
: Free gas volume |
| - R |
: Gas constant (83.14 hPa I¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1) |
| - T |
: Measuring temperature (K) |
| - msd |
: Dry soil mass (g) |
| - ¥ÄP |
: Measured pressure reduction (hPa) |
| - t |
: Elapsed time (h) |
Results obtained
Respirometric Sensor SystemÀÇ RESPIROSoft¢â ´Â ½ÃÇè ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±âüÀÇ ¾Ð·Â °ªÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤Çϸç, À̸¦ ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Graph of 100 g of sample 298K test
NOTE : when pressure goes around 800mbar all the Oxygen inside the bottle is consumed. Therefore, the system requires to be aerated (unscrew the sensor and insufflate air inside the bottle).
½Ã°£¿¡ µû¸¥ Èí¼ö ¼ÓµµÀÇ º¯µ¿¼ºÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ Çϱâ À§ÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Åä¾ç ½Ã·á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ã·áÀÇ ¹«°Ô¸¦ ´Þ¸®ÇÏ¿© 20ÀÏ µ¿¾È ½ÃÇèÇÑ °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.
Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=0.965 L, t=72 h

Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=1.037 L, t=72 h

Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=1.081 L, t=72 h

Conclusions
Åä¾ç ºÐ¼®¿ë Respirometric Sensor System Àº RSD% °ª (ÃÖ¼Ò 3.29%) ¿¡¼ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹° Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀûÀÌ°í ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåºñÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, Åä¾ç È£Èí ºÐ¼®¿¡¼ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹Ýº¹¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
Respirometric Sensor ´Â ¹«¼± ±â¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ ÃøÁ¤µÈ ¾Ð·Â °ªÀ» Wireless Databox¢â ·Î Àü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù (ºÐ¼® ½ÃÀÛ Àü µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Àü¼Û ºóµµ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù).
Databox ·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â RespiroSoft¢â ¿¡¼ ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, Respirometric Sensor System À» VELP ERMES Cloud Flatform¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ¿ø°ÝÀ¸·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦°ü¸®ÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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