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Renee Tobias, Sriram Kumaraswamy, David Apiyo, Sartorius, Fremont, CA


Abstract

¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÄ¡·áÁ¦ °³¹ß°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ »ýüºÐÀÚÀÇ »óÈ£¹ÝÀÀÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í Á¤·®È­ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Octet¢ç system Àº Çü±¤¹°Áú labelling À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ´Â binding specificity, affinity, and kinetics ¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°í Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î È®ÀÎÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϴٴ Ư¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

protein-protein, protein-drug °ú °°Àº »ýüºÐÀÚ»çÀÌÀÇ »óÈ£¹ÝÀÀÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϴµ¥ ¸Å¿ìÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ Octet¢ç system Àº ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÀǾàÇ° °³¹ß Àüü °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÐ¼® ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¸ðµÎ»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö Àִ Ź¿ùÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù


Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI)

BLI ´Â light wave µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â interference pattern (°£¼· pattern) À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ̸ç Octet¢ç System Àº ÀÌ BLI optical analytical technique À» ÀÀ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ýüºÐÀÚ»çÀÌÀÇ interactionÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. BLI ÀÇ °³³äÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

biosensor ÀÇ tip ¿¡´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¹°ÁúÀÌ ºÙÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â layer ¿Í ±× ¾ÈÂÊ ºÎºÐ¿¡ reference layer, µÎ °³ÀÇ layer ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Á® ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ biosensor tip ¿¡ ¹é»ö±¤À» Á¶»çÇÏ¸é ±× ºûÀº ÀÌ µÎ°³ÀÇ layer ¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ ¹Ý»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°ÔµÇ°í °¢ layer ¿¡¼­ ¹Ý»çµÈ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹Ý»ç±¤»çÀÌ¿¡ interference (°£¼·) ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇØ ¹Ý»ç±¤ÀÇ ÁøÆøÀÌ ÁõÆøµÇ°Å³ª °¨¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ÀÌ interference Á¤µµ¸¦ CCD array detector °¡ È®ÀÎÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

biosensor ÀÇ tip À» 96-well microplate ÀÇ sample ¿¡ ´ã±×°Ô µÇ¸é target ºÐÀÚµéÀº layer ÀÇ 2-dimensional coated surface ¿¡ binding ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ºÐÀÚµéÀÌ binding ÇÏ¿© target ºÐÀÚµéÀÇ µÎ²²°¡ µÎ²¨¿öÁö¸é ÇϳªÀÇ layer ¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

biosensor tip ¿¡¼­ µÎ²²°¡ µÎ²¨¿öÁö¸é biosensor layer ¿Í reference layer »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®°¡ º¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ¹Ý»ç±¤µé»çÀÌÀÇ interference pattern ¿¡¼­ shift °¡ ÀϾ´Ù.

Áï ¹Ý»ç±¤ÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ pattern ÀÇ shift ´Â molecular layer ÀÇ optical thickness ÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀε¥ ÀÌ´Â biosensor ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ binding ÇÑ ºÐÀÚµéÀÇ number ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æ¯ÀÌÀû shift ´Â detector ¿¡¼­ monitoring µÇ¾îÁö°í ¶ÇÇÑ sensogram ¿¡¼­ wavelength ÀÇ º¯È­ (nm shift) ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù.

interference pattern ÀÇ ½Ç½Ã°£ monitoring Àº molecular interaction ¿¡¼­ÀÇ kinetic data ¸¦ Á¦°øÇϵ¥ µË´Ï´Ù.


Advantages of Label-free Analysis

Octet¢ç system À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ kinetic characterization Àº ºÐÀÚ°£ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÎÁ·Çß´ø ELISA ¿Í °°Àº ÀÌÀüÀÇ ½ÇÇè¹ýÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ°úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ kinetics, affinity ±×¸®°í activity ¸¦ ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ¸Å¿ì Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºÐÀÚ»çÀÌÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë mechanism ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.





Figure 2 : A Dip and Read biosensor, illustrating the two optical interfaces at the biosensor tip: the internal reference layer (optical layer) and the surface biocompatible matrix on which ligand molecules are immobilized


Figure 3 : interference pattern of white light reflected from two surfaces. Changes in the number of molecules bound to the biosensor causes a shift in the interference pattern that is measured in real time



Figure 4 : Sensorgram traces from two interactions having similar affinity constants but different binding profiles
Figure 4 ÀÇ sensogram ¿¡¼­ A, B µÎ sample ÀÇ affinity constant (KD) ´Â ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ sample A ÀÇ on-rate and off-rate ´Â sample B ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Å¿ì ´À¸° interaction profile À» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ELISA ¿Í °°Àº ±âÁ¸ ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ³»¿ëÀ̸ç real-time binding assay ÀÎ Octet¢ç System Àº affinity and binding rate data ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ¿© interaction ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ À§ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


Binding Kinetics - Basic Principles

Kinetic analysis ´Â reversible & non-covalent binding ¿¡¼­ interaction affinity ¿Í association and dissociation rate constant ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

»óÈ£¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ¹°Áú µÎ°³Áß Çϳª´Â Octet¢ç platform ÀÇ Dip and Read biosensor ÀÇ surface ¿¡ immbilization µÇ°í (ligand) ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â sample ¿ë¾×¿¡ ÀְԵȴÙ.

Figure 5 ¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ assay ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ´Ü°è·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

- Baseline : óÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â assay buffer ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â baseline or equilibration step ÀÌ´Ù.
- Loading : ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â antibody ¿Í °°Àº ligand molecule À» biosensor ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ immobilization ÇϰԵȴÙ.
- Baseline : biosensor ¸¦ buffer solution ¿¡ dipping ÇÏ¿© ligand °¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ loading µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
- Association : biosensor ¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ½Ã·á°¡ ÀÖ´Â solution ¿¡ dipping ÇÏ¿© µÎ °³ÀÇ ºÐÀÚ°£¿¡ binding interaction ÀÌ ÀϾµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
- Dissociation : biosensor ¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ½Ã·á°¡ ¾ø´Â solution ¿¡ dipping ÇÏ¿© µÎ°³ÀÇ ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¼­·Î ¶³¾îÁö°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ½Ã·áÀÇ ³óµµ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸î°¡Áö ¿ë¾×¿¡¼­ (ÃÖ´ë 8°³) µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© °á°ú°ªÀ» ºñ±³ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù.


Figure 5 : A typical binding kinetics experiment using Streptavidin Biosensors. A) After an initial baseline step in buffer, biosensors are dipped into solution with biotinylated ligand. In this example, ligand molecule is an antibody. A second baseline step is performed followed by association and dissociation of analyte molecule in solution. B) A raw data sensorgram showing real-time data acquisition for each step of a kinetic assay



 
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