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¿µÁøÄÚÆÛ·¹ÀÌ¼Ç Á¾ÇÕÄ«´Ù·Î±× |
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) ´Â ºÐÀÚ¸¦ Á¤·®È Çϴµ¥ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¼±È£µµ°¡ ³ôÀº ½ÇÇè¹ýÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£°ú ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¤·® °Ë»ç´Â ÀÚµ¿ÈµÈ ELISA ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Πº¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ELISA ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¼ö ¸¹Àº ÀÌÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ƯÈ÷, ºÐÀÚ°£ ģȷÂÀÌ ³·À» ¶§µµ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ½ÇÇèÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ ½ÇÇè ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À» ÁÙ¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ¸¦ Octet¢ç ºÐ¼®¹ýÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Á¶°Ç (condition) °ú ±¸¼º (configuration) À» ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ (re-optimization) ÇÏ°í
ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ËÁõ(validation) ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ³ëÆ®¿¡¼´Â ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ä±¸ »çÇ×µéÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ÀÇ À¯Çü ¹× ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ, ºñƯÀÌÀû °áÇÕÀÇ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ, ºÐ¼® ¿ÏÃæ¾× ÃÖÀûȸ¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©
ELISA ±â¹Ý ºÐ¼®À» Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä ´Ü°èµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Introduction
Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ¿Í ¸¹Àº À¯»çÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
µÑ ´Ù ºÐ¼®¹°°ú °áÇÕ ÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÚ°¡ °íÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í ºÐ¼®¹°Àº ¿ë¾×¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »óÅ¿¡¼ ºÐÀÚ¿Í ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÌ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
½ÃÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ È®ÀÎÇÑ °á°ú´Â °áÇÕµÈ ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¶Ç´Â ¹Ýºñ·ÊÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡, Octet¢ç ÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ÀÇ ÀÚµ¿ÈµÈ ÇüÅ·Πº¸¿©Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®Àº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ÀÇ Á¶°Ç°ú ±¸¼ºÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ ÇÏ°í °ËÁõÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÃÖ¼Ò Çʼö ¿ä±¸ »çÇ×ÀÌ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ °æ¿ì Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ °³¹ß ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ºÐ¼®¹ý º¸´Ù ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´õ ³ªÀº ÀÌÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
1. |
Choose from a number of assay formats (label-free direct binding, sandwich, sandwich followed by signal amplification, etc.) to suit detection limit requirements |
2. |
Detect low-affinity analytes s often missed by ELISA |
3. |
Minimize handing via automated and wash-free steps |
4. |
Fully recover and re-use samples and reagents |
5. |
Regenerate the assay surface and re-use for some binding pairs (e.g., Protein A/human IgG) |
ÀÌ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ³ëÆ®¿¡¼´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ºÐ¼®À» Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß Çϴ°Ͱú ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº 5´Ü°è·Î ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1. |
Defining assay requirements |
2. |
Selecting a biosensor type |
3. |
Selecting assay format |
4. |
Minimize non-specific binding (NSB) |
5. |
Optimizing assay buffer |
°¢ ´Ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ÇØ´ç ¼½¼Ç¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Defining Assay Requirements
ELISA ¿¡¼ Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯Àº ½ÇÇèÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
»ùÇÃÀÇ °¨µµ¿Í ¿ä±¸ 󸮷®Àº Octet¢ç ±â±â¿Í ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ À¯Çü ¹× ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ°í »ùÇÃÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀº »ç¿ë ÇÒ ½Ã¾àÀÇ Á¦Çü°ú blocking °úÁ¤¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù.
»ùÇÃÀÇ ¿ë·®µµ ±â±â ¼±Åÿ¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù. Octet QKe, RED ¹× R8Àº 80 ~ 200 ¥ìL ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í, Octet¢ç RH16 ¹× RH96 ¿¡´Â 40 ~ 80 ¥ìL ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, »ùÇÃÀÇ ¿ë·®ÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì »ùÇÃÀ» Èñ¼®ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÀ» ÁøÇàÇÒ ¶§ °ËÃâ °¨µµ¿¡ °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù.
Ç¥¸é°ú °íÁ¤È ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§ ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Ư¼º (pl, size, polymeric status, hydrophobicity, stability, etc.) À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Selecting a Biosensor Type
Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®À» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â 4°¡Áö Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Streptavidin(SA), Aminopropylsilane(APS), Amine-Reactive(AR) ±×¸®°í ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
SA, APS, AR ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â ƯÁ¤ °øÁ¤¿¡ ¸Â´Â ºÐ¼® Ç׸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÂÃãÇü Á¤·® ºÐ¼®¹ýÀ» ±¸ÃàÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Streptavidin ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â streptavidin/biotin »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ligand ¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯¿¬¼º°ú Ưº°È÷ ¼³°èµÈ cross-linked streptavidin Á¢ÇÕü¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº
¶Ù¾î³ Ç¥¸é ¿ë·®À¸·Î °¡Àå ¼±È£ µÇ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³·Àº ¸ô °áÇÕ ºñÀ²¿¡¼ long-chain biotin À¸·Î Ç¥Áö µÈ ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1. |
Loss of binding capacity due to cross-linking and steric hindrance are reduced. |
2. |
Biosensor can be prepared in batch mode and stored for later use. |
3. |
The biotin-ligand solution may be used to prepare multiple batches of biosensors. |
4. |
The strong, nearly irreversible binding between the biotinylated ligand and the Streptavidin Biosensor allow easy regeneration of the ligand-loaded biosensor. |
Aminopropylsilane(APS) ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â °øÀ¯ °áÇÕ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¼Ò¼ö¼º ¹×/¶Ç´Â Á¤Àü±âÀû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
APS ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Ç¥¸éÀº ELISA microplate ÀÇ Ç¥¸é°ú ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼Ò¼ö¼ºÀÌ °Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, º¯¼ºÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ ligandÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ¿ì¼± Å×½ºÆ®ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Amine-Reactive(AR) ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ÀÇ carboxylate ±×·ì¿¡ amine ±×·ìÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ligand¸¦ °øÀ¯ÀûÀ¸·Î °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹èÄ¡ ¸ðµå Á¦ÀÛ°ú ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Àç»ýÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â anti-human IgG, anti-mouse IgG(Fab¡¯)2, Protein A, Protein G, anti-penta HIS ¿Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ Æ÷ȹ ´Ü¹éÁú·Î ¹Ì¸® °íÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù.
ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼´Â human IgG, mouse IgG(Fab¡¯)2, Protein A, Protein G ¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú, penta-HIS űװ¡ ´Þ¸° ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Selecting Assay Format
Octet¢ç À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ½ÃÇè¹ýÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº Á¤·®È ÇÒ ºÐ¼® ´ë»óÀÇ ³óµµ ¹üÀ§¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç Àº Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼®¹ý (1´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇϸç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Àº ng/mL ¿¡¼ ³·Àº mg/mL ±îÁö µ¿Àû °ËÃâ ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼®¹ýÀº ºü¸£°í °£ÆíÇϸç 2Â÷ ½Ã¾à°ú ´Ü°è°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼¸¦ Àç»ç¿ë ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
´Ù´Ü°è ºÐ¼®Àº ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Àº pg/mL ±îÁö Çâ»óµÈ ÃøÁ¤À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç Àº ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÃþÀÇ µÎ²²¿Í ¹ÐµµÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö·Î ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸é ´õ Å« ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÌ ³·Àº ³óµµ·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ¿À·£ ¹è¾ç ÈÄ¿¡µµ °áÇÕ ½ÅÈ£°¡ ³·À¸¸é ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÃþ À§¿¡ 2Â÷ ½Ã¾àÀ» Ãß°¡·Î °áÇÕÃþÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¸é ½ÅÈ£°¡ Çâ»ó µË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ÙÃþ ºÐ¼®¿¡´Â »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ºÐ¼®¹ý (2´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
»÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ºÐ¼®¹ýÀº ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼ ºÐ¼®¹°°ú °áÇÕÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡ ¼ Ç×ü¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®¹°À» »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
½ÅÈ£¸¦ ´õ¿í ÁõÆø ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ È¿¼Ò ¿¬°á »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ºÐ¼®¹ý (3´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) Àº ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼ µÎ °³ÀÇ º°µµ·Î Ç¥Áö µÈ Æ÷ȹ ºÐÀÚ(capture molecules)°¡ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼¿¡ °áÇÕµÈ ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ°í,
µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â HRP-Á¢ÇÕ Ç×ü¸¦ 1´Ü°è¿¡¼ Çü¼ºµÈ º¹ÇÕü¿¡ °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°°í, ¼¼ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼ ±âÁúÀ» ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ħÀü ½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.
Table 1 : Octet¢ç assay formats and features
Minimize Non-Specific Binding(NSB)
NSB ¹× ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º È¿°ú (matrix effects) ¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çã¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Æ¯À̼º°ú ¹Î°¨¼ºÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ºÐ¼® °³¹ß °úÁ¤ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
NSB ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀº ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Ç¥¸é°ú ¿ë¾× ºÐÀÚ °£ÀÇ ¼Ò¼ö¼º, Á¤Àü±âÀû ¹× ±³Â÷ ¹ÝÀÀ¼º »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
NSB ¿Ü¿¡µµ °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ´Ü¹éÁú°ú »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Á¾Á¾ ºÐ¼® °£¼·À» ÀÏÀ¸Åµ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ´Â °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº »ùÇðú °áÇÕÇϱâ Àü¿¡ blocking ´Ü°è¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼ Ç¥¸é¿¡ º¸È£¸·À» ¾º¿ì´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Blocking ¹öÆÛÀÇ Á¶¼ºÀº »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (Ç÷û ³» ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ç÷ûÀ¸·Î blocking).
Figure 1 : Raw data from the final amplification step of the CHO HCP assay using Octet¢ç R8 system.
Figure 2 : Standard curve showing standards (n = 3 for each standard) and unknown samples (n = 8 for each unknown).
The lower limit of detection in this assay was less than 0.5 ng/mL.
Optimizing Assay Buffer
½ÃÇèÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹öÆÛÀÇ Á¶¼ºÀº NSB, »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º °£¼· ¹× ¹è°æ ½ÅÈ£¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù.
½Ã¾à Á¦ÇüÀ» ÃÖÀûÈ ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¿øÇϴ ƯÁ¤ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÈ ÇÏ°í NSB¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ °³¹ßµÈ ELISA ¹öÆÛ¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇصµ µÇÁö¸¸, Sartorius ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼¿Í ȣȯµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸¼ºÀ̳ª Á¶°ÇÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿¹¿Ü·Î ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ȣȯµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹öÆÛÀÇ ¿¹·Î´Â ³·Àº pH(<4), ³ôÀº pH(>10) ¹× ƯÁ¤ À¯ÇüÀÇ À¯±â ¿ë¸Å°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ºÐ¼® ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °³¹ßÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÐ¼® ´ë»óÀÇ Æ¯¼º(pl, ¼Ò¼ö¼º ¹× ¾ÈÁ¤¼º) °ú »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
°ü·ÃµÈ »çÇ×À¸·Î, Octet¢ç ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤ Áß »ùÇà wash ´Ü°è¿¡¼´Â °è¸éÈ°¼ºÁ¦(detergent) ¼ººÐÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â TBS³ª PBS¿Í °°Àº ¹öÆÛ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Table 2 : Accuracy and robustnss of CHO host cell protein quantitation.
In this assay, CVs of less than 10% were achievable across the entire dynamic range
´ÙÀ½Àº ½ÃÇè¹ýÀÇ ÃÖÀûȸ¦ À§ÇÑ ÃßõÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹öÆÛÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò ¸ñ·ÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
1. |
Salt: high salt concentrations slow down the reaction, reduce stickiness of antigens with very high/low pI values, reduce charge-induced NSB and
denature proteins in solution when needed (e.g., Protein A contamination assay sample pre-treatment buffer). |
2. |
Buffer capacity: higher buffer capacity minimizes pH changes and stabilizes sample solutions |
3. |
Non-specific antibodies: reduce NSB from multi-species cross-reactions. |
4. |
Detergents: reduce sample aggregation, reduce hydrophobic NSB and reduce sample coating out of very low concentration samples |
5. |
Bulk proteins (BSA, casein, antibodies): serve as blocking agents, reduce sample coating out of solution, and stabilize analyte proteins in solution in other ways. |
6. |
Sugars (trehalose, dextran, sucrose): stabilize some proteins, enhance signal by increasing effective concentration in solution. |
7. |
PEG : helps reduce non-specific binding and can enhance signal in some cases by increasing the effective concentration of proteins in solution. |
8. |
pH : low pH may often reduce the affinity of competing interactions and improves the proportion of ligandanalyte binding to the biosensor. |
9. |
Dilution : to minimize matrix effects. |
Conclusion
ELISA ±â¹Ý ½ÃÇè¹ý°ú Octet¢ç Á¤·® ½ÃÇè¹ýÀº ¸¹Àº À¯»çÁ¡À» °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼, ÀÌ¹Ì ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ELISA ½ÃÇè¹ýÀ» Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ ¼öÇàÇÏ·Á¸é
½ÃÇè Á¶°Ç¸¸ °¡Á®¿À¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ½ÃÇè Á¶°ÇÀ» Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ ÇؾßÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì °í·Á ÇؾßÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ELISA ¿¡¼ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â »çÇ×µé°ú À¯»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀº °£´ÜÇÏ°í ºü¸£¸ç Á¤È®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù´Ü°è ¹æ¹ýÀº ³ôÀº °¨µµ¿Í È®ÀåµÈ µ¿Àû ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÚµ¿ÈµÈ ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀº °á°ú±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£°ú ½ÇÇè ½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½ÃÅ°°í ¿î¿µ ºñ¿ëÀ» Àý°¨ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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