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Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) ´Â ºÐÀÚ¸¦ Á¤·®È­ Çϴµ¥ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼±È£µµ°¡ ³ôÀº ½ÇÇè¹ýÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£°ú ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¤·® °Ë»ç´Â ÀÚµ¿È­µÈ ELISA ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Πº¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ELISA ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¼ö ¸¹Àº ÀÌÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ºÐÀÚ°£ ģȭ·ÂÀÌ ³·À» ¶§µµ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ½ÇÇèÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ ½ÇÇè ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À» ÁÙ¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ¸¦ Octet¢ç ºÐ¼®¹ýÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Á¶°Ç (condition) °ú ±¸¼º (configuration) À» ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ­ (re-optimization) ÇÏ°í ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ËÁõ(validation) ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ³ëÆ®¿¡¼­´Â ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ä±¸ »çÇ×µéÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ÀÇ À¯Çü ¹× ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ, ºñƯÀÌÀû °áÇÕÀÇ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­, ºÐ¼® ¿ÏÃæ¾× ÃÖÀûÈ­¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ELISA ±â¹Ý ºÐ¼®À» Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä ´Ü°èµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


Introduction

Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ¿Í ¸¹Àº À¯»çÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µÑ ´Ù ºÐ¼®¹°°ú °áÇÕ ÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÚ°¡ °íÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í ºÐ¼®¹°Àº ¿ë¾×¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »óÅ¿¡¼­ ºÐÀÚ¿Í ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÌ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÃÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ È®ÀÎÇÑ °á°ú´Â °áÇÕµÈ ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¶Ç´Â ¹Ýºñ·ÊÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡, Octet¢ç ÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ÀÇ ÀÚµ¿È­µÈ ÇüÅ·Πº¸¿©Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Octet¢ç À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®Àº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ÀÇ Á¶°Ç°ú ±¸¼ºÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÇÏ°í °ËÁõÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÃÖ¼Ò Çʼö ¿ä±¸ »çÇ×ÀÌ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ °æ¿ì Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ °³¹ß ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®Àº ELISA ºÐ¼®¹ý º¸´Ù ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´õ ³ªÀº ÀÌÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

1. Choose from a number of assay formats (label-free direct binding, sandwich, sandwich followed by signal amplification, etc.) to suit detection limit requirements
2. Detect low-affinity analytes s often missed by ELISA
3. Minimize handing via automated and wash-free steps
4. Fully recover and re-use samples and reagents
5. Regenerate the assay surface and re-use for some binding pairs (e.g., Protein A/human IgG)

ÀÌ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ³ëÆ®¿¡¼­´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ELISA ºÐ¼®À» Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß Çϴ°Ͱú ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº 5´Ü°è·Î ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

1. Defining assay requirements
2. Selecting a biosensor type
3. Selecting assay format
4. Minimize non-specific binding (NSB)
5. Optimizing assay buffer

°¢ ´Ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ÇØ´ç ¼½¼Ç¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


Defining Assay Requirements

ELISA ¿¡¼­ Octet¢ç À¸·Î º¯È¯Àº ½ÇÇèÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ùÇÃÀÇ °¨µµ¿Í ¿ä±¸ 󸮷®Àº Octet¢ç ±â±â¿Í ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ À¯Çü ¹× ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ°í »ùÇÃÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀº »ç¿ë ÇÒ ½Ã¾àÀÇ Á¦Çü°ú blocking °úÁ¤¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù.

»ùÇÃÀÇ ¿ë·®µµ ±â±â ¼±Åÿ¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù. Octet QKe, RED ¹× R8Àº 80 ~ 200 ¥ìL ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í, Octet¢ç RH16 ¹× RH96 ¿¡´Â 40 ~ 80 ¥ìL ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »ùÇÃÀÇ ¿ë·®ÀÌ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì »ùÇÃÀ» Èñ¼®ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇèÀ» ÁøÇàÇÒ ¶§ °ËÃâ °¨µµ¿¡ °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù.

Ç¥¸é°ú °íÁ¤È­ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¶§ ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Ư¼º (pl, size, polymeric status, hydrophobicity, stability, etc.) À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


Selecting a Biosensor Type

Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼­ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®À» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â 4°¡Áö Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Streptavidin(SA), Aminopropylsilane(APS), Amine-Reactive(AR) ±×¸®°í ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

SA, APS, AR ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â ƯÁ¤ °øÁ¤¿¡ ¸Â´Â ºÐ¼® Ç׸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÂÃãÇü Á¤·® ºÐ¼®¹ýÀ» ±¸ÃàÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Streptavidin ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â streptavidin/biotin »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ligand ¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯¿¬¼º°ú Ưº°È÷ ¼³°èµÈ cross-linked streptavidin Á¢ÇÕü¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº ¶Ù¾î³­ Ç¥¸é ¿ë·®À¸·Î °¡Àå ¼±È£ µÇ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³·Àº ¸ô °áÇÕ ºñÀ²¿¡¼­ long-chain biotin À¸·Î Ç¥Áö µÈ ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

1. Loss of binding capacity due to cross-linking and steric hindrance are reduced.
2. Biosensor can be prepared in batch mode and stored for later use.
3. The biotin-ligand solution may be used to prepare multiple batches of biosensors.
4. The strong, nearly irreversible binding between the biotinylated ligand and the Streptavidin Biosensor allow easy regeneration of the ligand-loaded biosensor.

Aminopropylsilane(APS) ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â °øÀ¯ °áÇÕ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò¼ö¼º ¹×/¶Ç´Â Á¤Àü±âÀû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ligand ¸¦ °íÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. APS ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Ç¥¸éÀº ELISA microplate ÀÇ Ç¥¸é°ú ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¼Ò¼ö¼ºÀÌ °­Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, º¯¼ºÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼­ ligandÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ¿ì¼± Å×½ºÆ®ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Amine-Reactive(AR) ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ÀÇ carboxylate ±×·ì¿¡ amine ±×·ìÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ligand¸¦ °øÀ¯ÀûÀ¸·Î °íÁ¤Çϴµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹èÄ¡ ¸ðµå Á¦ÀÛ°ú ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Àç»ýÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â anti-human IgG, anti-mouse IgG(Fab¡¯)2, Protein A, Protein G, anti-penta HIS ¿Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ Æ÷ȹ ´Ü¹éÁú·Î ¹Ì¸® °íÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¼®¹° ƯÁ¤ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­´Â human IgG, mouse IgG(Fab¡¯)2, Protein A, Protein G ¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú, penta-HIS űװ¡ ´Þ¸° ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ Á¤·® ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


Selecting Assay Format

Octet¢ç À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ½ÃÇè¹ýÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº Á¤·®È­ ÇÒ ºÐ¼® ´ë»óÀÇ ³óµµ ¹üÀ§¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. Octet¢ç Àº Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼®¹ý (1´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇϸç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Àº ng/mL ¿¡¼­ ³·Àº mg/mL ±îÁö µ¿Àû °ËÃâ ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼®¹ýÀº ºü¸£°í °£ÆíÇϸç 2Â÷ ½Ã¾à°ú ´Ü°è°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­¸¦ Àç»ç¿ë ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

´Ù´Ü°è ºÐ¼®Àº ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Àº pg/mL ±îÁö Çâ»óµÈ ÃøÁ¤À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Octet¢ç Àº ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÃþÀÇ µÎ²²¿Í ¹ÐµµÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö·Î ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸é ´õ Å« ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¼®¹°ÀÌ ³·Àº ³óµµ·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ¿À·£ ¹è¾ç ÈÄ¿¡µµ °áÇÕ ½ÅÈ£°¡ ³·À¸¸é ºÐ¼®¹° °áÇÕÃþ À§¿¡ 2Â÷ ½Ã¾àÀ» Ãß°¡·Î °áÇÕÃþÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¸é ½ÅÈ£°¡ Çâ»ó µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ÙÃþ ºÐ¼®¿¡´Â »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ºÐ¼®¹ý (2´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

»÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ºÐ¼®¹ýÀº ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ºÐ¼®¹°°ú °áÇÕÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡ ¼­ Ç×ü¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®¹°À» »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ´õ¿í ÁõÆø ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ È¿¼Ò ¿¬°á »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ ºÐ¼®¹ý (3´Ü°è ºÐ¼®¹ý) Àº ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ µÎ °³ÀÇ º°µµ·Î Ç¥Áö µÈ Æ÷ȹ ºÐÀÚ(capture molecules)°¡ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­¿¡ °áÇÕµÈ ºÐ¼®¹°¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ°í, µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â HRP-Á¢ÇÕ Ç×ü¸¦ 1´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Çü¼ºµÈ º¹ÇÕü¿¡ °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°°í, ¼¼ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ±âÁúÀ» ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ħÀü ½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.


Table 1 : Octet¢ç assay formats and features


Minimize Non-Specific Binding(NSB)

NSB ¹× ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º È¿°ú (matrix effects) ¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Çã¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Æ¯À̼º°ú ¹Î°¨¼ºÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ºÐ¼® °³¹ß °úÁ¤ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. NSB ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀº ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Ç¥¸é°ú ¿ë¾× ºÐÀÚ °£ÀÇ ¼Ò¼ö¼º, Á¤Àü±âÀû ¹× ±³Â÷ ¹ÝÀÀ¼º »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. NSB ¿Ü¿¡µµ °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ´Ü¹éÁú°ú »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Á¾Á¾ ºÐ¼® °£¼·À» ÀÏÀ¸Åµ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº »ùÇðú °áÇÕÇϱâ Àü¿¡ blocking ´Ü°è¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­ Ç¥¸é¿¡ º¸È£¸·À» ¾º¿ì´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Blocking ¹öÆÛÀÇ Á¶¼ºÀº »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (Ç÷û ³» ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ç÷ûÀ¸·Î blocking).


Figure 1 : Raw data from the final amplification step of the CHO HCP assay using Octet¢ç R8 system.


Figure 2 : Standard curve showing standards (n = 3 for each standard) and unknown samples (n = 8 for each unknown). The lower limit of detection in this assay was less than 0.5 ng/mL.


Optimizing Assay Buffer

½ÃÇèÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹öÆÛÀÇ Á¶¼ºÀº NSB, »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º °£¼· ¹× ¹è°æ ½ÅÈ£¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¾à Á¦ÇüÀ» ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¿øÇϴ ƯÁ¤ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÈ­ ÇÏ°í NSB¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ °³¹ßµÈ ELISA ¹öÆÛ¸¦ Á÷Á¢ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇصµ µÇÁö¸¸, Sartorius ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¼¾¼­¿Í ȣȯµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±¸¼ºÀ̳ª Á¶°ÇÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿¹¿Ü·Î ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȣȯµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹öÆÛÀÇ ¿¹·Î´Â ³·Àº pH(<4), ³ôÀº pH(>10) ¹× ƯÁ¤ À¯ÇüÀÇ À¯±â ¿ë¸Å°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ºÐ¼® ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °³¹ßÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÐ¼® ´ë»óÀÇ Æ¯¼º(pl, ¼Ò¼ö¼º ¹× ¾ÈÁ¤¼º) °ú »ùÇà ¸ÅÆ®¸¯½º ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °ü·ÃµÈ »çÇ×À¸·Î, Octet¢ç ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤ Áß »ùÇà wash ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â °è¸éÈ°¼ºÁ¦(detergent) ¼ººÐÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â TBS³ª PBS¿Í °°Àº ¹öÆÛ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


Table 2 : Accuracy and robustnss of CHO host cell protein quantitation. In this assay, CVs of less than 10% were achievable across the entire dynamic range

´ÙÀ½Àº ½ÃÇè¹ýÀÇ ÃÖÀûÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÃßõÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹öÆÛÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò ¸ñ·ÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

1. Salt: high salt concentrations slow down the reaction, reduce stickiness of antigens with very high/low pI values, reduce charge-induced NSB and denature proteins in solution when needed (e.g., Protein A contamination assay sample pre-treatment buffer).
2. Buffer capacity: higher buffer capacity minimizes pH changes and stabilizes sample solutions
3. Non-specific antibodies: reduce NSB from multi-species cross-reactions.
4. Detergents: reduce sample aggregation, reduce hydrophobic NSB and reduce sample coating out of very low concentration samples
5. Bulk proteins (BSA, casein, antibodies): serve as blocking agents, reduce sample coating out of solution, and stabilize analyte proteins in solution in other ways.
6. Sugars (trehalose, dextran, sucrose): stabilize some proteins, enhance signal by increasing effective concentration in solution.
7. PEG : helps reduce non-specific binding and can enhance signal in some cases by increasing the effective concentration of proteins in solution.
8. pH : low pH may often reduce the affinity of competing interactions and improves the proportion of ligandanalyte binding to the biosensor.
9. Dilution : to minimize matrix effects.


Conclusion

ELISA ±â¹Ý ½ÃÇè¹ý°ú Octet¢ç Á¤·® ½ÃÇè¹ýÀº ¸¹Àº À¯»çÁ¡À» °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ÀÌ¹Ì ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ELISA ½ÃÇè¹ýÀ» Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼­ ¼öÇàÇÏ·Á¸é ½ÃÇè Á¶°Ç¸¸ °¡Á®¿À¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ½ÃÇè Á¶°ÇÀ» Octet¢ç Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÇؾßÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì °í·Á ÇؾßÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ELISA ¿¡¼­ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â »çÇ×µé°ú À¯»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Octet¢ç Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ Á÷Á¢ °áÇÕ ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀº °£´ÜÇÏ°í ºü¸£¸ç Á¤È®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù´Ü°è ¹æ¹ýÀº ³ôÀº °¨µµ¿Í È®ÀåµÈ µ¿Àû ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚµ¿È­µÈ ºÐ¼® Çü½ÄÀº °á°ú±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£°ú ½ÇÇè ½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½ÃÅ°°í ¿î¿µ ºñ¿ëÀ» Àý°¨ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.







 
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