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¿µÁøÄÚÆÛ·¹ÀÌ¼Ç Á¾ÇÕÄ«´Ù·Î±× |
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Kjeldahl reference : AOAC 2001.11 Protein (Crude) in Animal Feed, Forage (Plant Tissue), Grain, and Oilseeds;
REG CE 152/2009; EN ISO 5983-2:2009 Animal feeding stuffs
Dumas reference : AOAC 992.23 Crude Protein in Cereal Grains and Oilseeds,
ISO 16634-1:2008 Oilseeds and animal feeding stuffs
Tested with VELP Scientifica DKL 20 Automatic Kjeldahl Digestion Unit (Code S30100210),
VELP Scientifica UDK 169 Automatic Kjeldahl Analyzer with AutoKjel Autosampler (Code S30200160)
and VELP Scientifica NDA 702 Dual Carrier Gas Dumas Nitrogen Analyzer (Code F30800080) |
Introduction
ºÏ¹Ì, È£ÁÖ ¹× ±âŸ ÀϺΠ±¹°¡¿¡¼´Â canola meal (Ä«³î¶óÀÇ ±â¸§À» Â¥°í ³²Àº Â±â) ·Î ºÒ¸®´Â À¯Ã¤¾¾¹Ú (rapeseed meal) Àº
°¡Ãà ¹× °¡±Ý·ùÀÇ »ç·á·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °í´Ü¹é ¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç·á¿¡´Â 40% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú°ú ¾à 12%ÀÇ Á¶¼¶À¯°¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
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µû¶ó¼ ÁÖ·Î ¹ÝÃß µ¿¹° »ç·á¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. À¯Ã¤¾¾¹Ú ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ¶óÀ̽Űú Ȳ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ ±âŸ ½Ä¹°¼º ´Ü¹éÁú º¸´Ù °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ¾î À¯Ã¤¾¾¹ÚÀÇ Àü ¼¼°è »ý»ê·®Àº ´ëµÎ¹Ú¿¡ ÀÌ¾î µÎ ¹ø°·Î ¸¹´Ù.
Kjeldahl°ú Dumas µÎ°¡Áö ±â¼ú ¸ðµÎ Á¾ÀÚ·ùÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÔ·® ÃøÁ¤¿¡ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀεǾú´Ù.
VELP Kjeldahl ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú Dumas ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº BIPEA (Bureau Interprofessionnel d'Etudes Analytiques)°¡ ÁÖ°üÇÑ Å×½ºÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
VELP ºÐ¼®±â·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °á°ú (´Ü¹éÁú %) ¸¦ BIPEA Ç¥ÁØ °ª°ú ºñ±³¸¦ ÁøÇàÇß´Ù.
Protein Determination in BIPEA Sample Rapeseeds
ÀÌ º¸°í¼¿¡¼´Â NDA702 Dumas Áú¼Ò ºÐ¼®±â¿Í UDK169 ÀÚµ¿ ų´Þ ºÐ¼®±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© À¯Ã¤¾¾ÀÇ Áú¼Ò/´Ü¹éÁú ÇÔ·®À» ÃøÁ¤, ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Kjeldahl method
ÇöÀç ų´Þ ¹æ¹ýÀº ½Ã·á¸¦ 98% Ȳ»ê, ÃË¸Å¿Í ÇÔ²² 400¡ÆC ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿Âµµ¿¡¼ °¡¿ ºÐÇØÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ À¯±â°áÇÕÀÇ Áú¼Ò´Â Ȳ»ê¿°À¸·Î ÀüȯµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾òÀº Ȳ»ê¿° ¿ë¾×À» NaOH ¿ë¾×°ú ¼öÁõ±â·Î °¡¿ÇÏ¿© ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ¸¦ Æ÷ÁýÇÏ°í ÀûÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ ¾ç Áï Áú¼Ò ¾çÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
Dumas method
Dumas ¹æ¹ýÀº ¸ÕÀú ¿¬¼Ò·Î (CF)¿¡¼ ½Ã·á¸¦ °í¿Â¿¡¼ ¿¬¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ¿ø¼Ò ÈÇÕ¹°À» ¾ò´Â´Ù.
¿¬¼Ò °úÁ¤¿¡ »ý¼ºµÈ ¹°Àº ¹°¸®Àû Æ®·¦ (WT1 - DriStepTM)°ú ÈÇÐÀû Æ®·¦ (WT2)¿¡¼ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù.
µÎ Æ®·¦ »çÀÌÀÇ È¯¿ø·Î (RF)¿¡¼ Áú¼Ò »êȹ°Àº Áú¼Ò·Î ȯ¿øµÈ´Ù.
CO2 Èí¼ö ÀåÄ¡ (CO2)´Â LoGas¢â Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨ÁöµÇ´Â ¿ø¼ÒÀÎ Áú¼Ò¸¸ Åë°ú½ÃŲ´Ù.
NDA 702 Dumas Nitrogen Analyser ´Â PC¿¡¼ DUMASoft¢â¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Õ½±°Ô Á¦¾î°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
Samples
BIPEA Rapeseeds ID : |
11-0413-0058 |
Dumas protein Assigned value : |
19.1 ¡¾ 0.3 |
Kjeldahl proteinAssigned value : |
18.9 ¡¾ 0.3 |
»ùÇÃÀº ±×¶óÀδõ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© 1 mmÀÇ ÀÔÀÚ Å©±â·Î ºÐ¼âÇÏ¿´´Ù.
[ Kjeldahl Analysis ]
1. °¡¿ ºÐÇØ
Nitrogen-free weighing cup (Code CM0489000) À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ùÇà 0.8 g À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Å×½ºÆ® Æ©ºê¿¡ ´ã´Â´Ù.
»ùÇÃÀ» ´ãÀº °¢ Å×½ºÆ® Æ©ºê¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½ ½Ã¾àµéÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
¨ç Ã˸Š: catalyst tablets VCM (Code A00000274: 3.5 g K2SO4, 0.1 g CuSO4 5H2O Mssouri) 2¾Ë
¨è ¼ÒÆ÷Á¦ : antifoam tablets VS (Code A00000283) 2¾Ë
¨é 96 ~ 98% ³óµµÀÇ È²»ê 20 ml
¨ê °ú»êȼö¼Ò (H2O2) 5 ml
Blank : »ùÇÃÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í »ó±â 4°¡Áö ½Ã¾à¸¸ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ÁغñÇÑ´Ù.
°¡¿ ºÐÇØ ÀåÄ¡´Â ÁßÈ ÀåÄ¡ÀÎ KS 1000 Scrubber (Code F307A0660) ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© °¡¿ ºÐÇØ¿¡¼ »ý¼ºµÈ À¯µ¶¼º »ê¼º °¡½º¸¦ ÁßÈ ¹× ÈíÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
°¡¿ ºÐÇØ ÀåÄ¡ÀÎ DKL20ÀÇ operating manual¿¡ Àִ ǥÁØ ¹æ¹ý ÁßÀÇ 9¹ø Oats, barley, corn, rice, rye method¿¡ µû¶ó 300 ¡É¿¡¼ 40ºÐ, 420 ¡É¿¡¼ 90ºÐ °¡¿ÇÑ´Ù.
2. Áõ·ù ¹× ÀûÁ¤
°¡¿ ºÐÇØ°¡ Á¾·áµÈ »ùÇÃÀ» 50 ~ 60 ¡É°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ÀÚ¿¬ ³Ã°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
Automatic check up ¹× wash down °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ Áõ·ù ÀûÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡ÀÎ UDK 169¸¦ ¿¹¿ÇÑ´Ù.
UDK 169 operating manual¿¡ Àִ ǥÁØ ¹æ¹ý ÁßÀÇ 9¹ø Oats, barley, corn, rice, rye method¿¡ µû¶ó Áõ·ù ÀûÁ¤À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¨ç H2O (dilution water): 50 ml
¨è NaOH (32%): 70 ml
¨é VreceiverTM (A00000316): 30 ml
¨ê H2SO4 (0.2 N) as titrant solution
¨ë Protein factor: 6.25
»ùÇà ´ç Áõ·ù ÀûÁ¤ ½Ã°£Àº ¾à 4ºÐ Á¤µµ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù.
[ Dumas Analysis ]
1. NDA 702 Preliminary Operations (daily)
Operating manual¿¡ µû¶ó NDA 702ÀÇ Àü¿øÀ» ÄÑ°í ´ÙÀ½ parameter¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¨ç Temperature Combustion reactor (Code A00000158): 1030 ¡É
¨è Temperature Reduction reactor (Code A00000226): 650 ¡É
¨é Flow rate MFC1 He: 190 ml/min
¨ê Flow rate MFC2 He: 220 ml/min
Á¡°ËÀ» À§ÇØ 2°³ÀÇ EDTA standard (Code A00000149)¿Í 3 ~ 5°³ÀÇ ºó tin foils (Code A00000153)À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
EDTA ÃøÁ¤À» 1ȸ ÀÌ»ó ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿© ȹµæÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î calibration curve¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
2. Sample Preparation (NDA 702)
ºÐ¼® Àú¿ï°ú tin foilÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ùÇà 150 mgÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
Tin foilÀ» Á¢¾î ĸ½¶ ÇüŸ¦ ¸¸µé¾î autosampler¿¡ ¹èÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
3. Analysis Procedure (NDA 702)
¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î DumasoftTMÀÇ database¿¡ Sample name, Weight, Method, Sample type, and Calibration number¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
SEED MEAL ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½ parameter°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
- Protein factor: 6.25
- O©ü flow rate: 400 ml/min
- O©ü factor: 1.6 ml/mg
- ¸¦ ´·¯ ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. |
- ºÐ¼® ½Ã°£: »ùÇà ´ç 3ºÐ Á¤µµ ¼Ò¿ä.
´ÙÀ½ calibration curve ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© °á°ú¸¦ ȹµæÇÏ¿´´Ù.
EDTA Ç¥ÁØ (%N = 9.57) (ÄÚµå A00000149)À» 7ȸ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© 0 ~ 7 mg N ¹üÀ§¸¦ ȹµæÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÃøÁ¤µÈ °á°ú´Â EDTA ÀÎÁõ¼ÀÇ Çã¿ë ¿ÀÂ÷ ¹üÀ§¿¡ ºÎÇյȴÙ.
Results on BIPEA Rapeseeds samples
NDA 702 Dumas ¿Í VELP Kjeldahl system À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ Áú¼Ò/´Ü¹éÁú °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
Conclusions
VELP´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Kjeldahl ¹æ¹ý°ú Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ Dumas ¿¬¼Ò ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Áú¼Ò ÃøÁ¤À» À§ÇÑ Àåºñ¸¦ ¼³°è ¹× Á¦Á¶ÇÏ´Â ¼±µµÀûÀΠȸ»çÀÌ´Ù.
À¯Ã¤ÀÇ Áú¼Ò ¹× ´Ü¹éÁú ÃøÁ¤ °á°ú´Â BIPEA¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ ¿¹»ó ´Ü¹éÁú ÇÔ·® ¹üÀ§¿¡ ºÎÇյǾúÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â VELPÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ºÐ¼® Àåºñ Áï
UDK 169 ų´Þ Áõ·ù ÀûÁ¤ ÀåÄ¡ ¹× NDA 702 Dumas ºÐ¼®±âÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» ÀÔÁõÇß´Ù.
¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ RSD °ªÀº µÎ°¡Áö ºÐ¼®±âÀÇ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ÀçÇö¼ºÀÌ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³ôÀº »ý»ê¼º°ú ³í½ºÅé ¼º´ÉÀ» °®Ãá NDA 702 Dumas ¿¬¼Ò ÀåÄ¡´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î
³ôÀº 󸮷®¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀ̸ç Àüü ºÐ¼® °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¿ÏÀü ÀÚµ¿ÈµÇ¾î »ùÇà ´ç ´Ü 3~4ºÐ¸¸ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù.
ÀÎÁõµÈ Ã˸ÅÁ¦ KJTabsTM¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â VELP ų´Þ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ½ÄÇ° ¹× »ç·á ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú Á¤·®À» À§ÇÑ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ¼Ö·ç¼ÇÀÌ´Ù.
28mgÀÇ Áú¼Ò¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ 3% ³óµµÀÇ ±Û¸®½Å Ç¥ÁØ¿ë¾× 5ml¸¦ Ç¥Áع°Áú·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àüü°úÁ¤À» °ËÁõÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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