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References
ASTM D5291 : Test method for Instrumental determination of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in petroleum products and lubricants.
DIN 51724-3 : Solid mineral fuels - Determination of sulfur - Part 3: Instrumental methods
ASTM D 5373 : Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal and Coke.
ASTM D5622 : Standard Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis.
Tested with VELP Scientifica EMA 502 Elemental Analyzer




Introduction

Viton¢çÀº ±ØÇÑÀÇ ¿Âµµ¿Í È­ÇÐ ¹°Áú¿¡ ³»±¸¼ºÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³­ DuPont»çÀÇ synthetic rubber ¹× fluoropolymer elastomer¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºê·£µå ¸íÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î O-ring, gasket ¹× ¿¬·á È£½º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ elastomer Á¦Ç°±ºÀº tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP) ¹× vinylidene fluoride (VDF ¶Ç´Â VF2), vinylidene fluoride (VDF) ¹× hexafluoropropylene (HFP)ÀÇ copolymers ¶Ç´Â terpolymers ±×¸®°í perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE) ÇÔÀ¯ Ư¼ö polymer·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.

ƯÁ¤ ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº Á¦ÇüÀÇ Æú¸®¸Ó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. À̸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â fluoroelastomer À¯ÇüÀ» È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¼® ±â¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿¬¼Ò ¹× ¿­ºÐÇØ´Â ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹°ÁúµéÀ» Ư¼ºÈ­¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.


CHNS determination in rubber



CHNS ¿ø¼Ò È­ÇÕ¹°À» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ 1000¡ÆC ÀÌ»ó±îÁö µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â VELP combustion furnace ¿¡¼­ ½Ã·á¸¦ ¿¬¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ.

°íÈ°¼º ±¸¸® ºÐ¸»·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ VELP Vcoppe¢â Àº ºÐ¼®±â ÇÏ´Ü¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç NOx ¸¦ N2 ·Î ȯ¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù.

Gas stream Àº gas-chromatographic column ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ°í ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¼ººÐÀº °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ retention time À¸·Î column ¹ÛÀ¸·Î Èê·¯ ³ª°¡¸é¼­ ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù.

Reference °¡½º°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Â Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ LoGasTM Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸ðµç °¡½º ÇÔ·®À» °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

EMA 502´Â Á¶ÀÛÀÌ °£´ÜÇÑ EMASoftTM¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© PC·Î Á¦¾î°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

ºÐ¼®Àº ´Ü ¸î ºÐ ¾È¿¡ ¿Ï·áµÈ´Ù.


Oxygen determination in rubber



»ùÇÃÀº carrier °¡½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿­ºÐÇØ°¡ ÀϾ´Â ¹ÝÀÀ±â·Î ¿î¹ÝµÈ´Ù.

»ùÇÃÀº °í¿Â(>1000¡ÆC)¿¡¼­ ¿ø¼Ò È­ÇÕ¹°·Î º¯È¯µÈ´Ù.

¿ø¼Ò °¡½º¸¦ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ carrier °¡½º´Â ¸ðµç ºÒ¼ø¹°À» Èí¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â chemical trap¿¡ Èê·¯ µé¾î°£´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î chromatographic columnÀ» °ÅÄ£ ÈÄ ¸î ºÐ ¾È¿¡ »ê¼Ò¸¦ ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò·Î ÀüȯÇÏ¿© Á¤·®È­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â TCD (thermal conductivity detector)¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù.


EMA 502 Preliminary Operations (daily)

¼³¸í¼­¿¡ µû¶ó EMA 502ÀÇ Àü¿øÀ» ÄÑ°í ´ÙÀ½ parameter °¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

- Temperature CHNS reactor (Code A00000443) : 1030 ¡ÆC
- Temperature GC Column Oven : 55 ¡ÆC
- Flow rate MFC1 He : 120 ml/min
- Flow rate MFC2 He : 140 ml/min

2°³ÀÇ Sulphanilic acid standard (Code A00000434) ¿Í 2~3 °³ÀÇ empty tin foils (Code A00000436) À» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. Ç¥ÁØ Å×½ºÆ®·Î curve »ý¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ °Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥Áع°ÁúÀ» 1ȸ ÀÌ»ó ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© calibration curve À» È®ÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¼³¸í¼­¿¡ µû¶ó EMA 502ÀÇ Àü¿øÀ» ÄÑ°í ´ÙÀ½ parameter °¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

- Temperature O reactor (Code A00000444) : 1060 ¡ÆC
- Temperature GC Column Oven : 55 ¡ÆC
- Flow rate MFC1 He : 140 ml/min
- Flow rate MFC2 He : 160 ml/min

2°³ÀÇ EDTA standard (Code A00000149) ¿Í 2~3 °³ÀÇ empty tin foils (Code A00000436) À» Å×½ºÆ®ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. Ç¥ÁØ Å×½ºÆ®·Î curve »ý¼º¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ °Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ç¥Áع°ÁúÀ» 1ȸ ÀÌ»ó ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© calibration curve À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.


Sample Preparation

- Viton samples : ÀÎÁõ¼­¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ ¿¹»ó °ªÀÇ ¹üÀ§
- Reference soil : C% = 0.09 - 0.13%,       S% = 0.09 - 0.13%


Analysis Procedure

ºÐ¼®Àº CHNS ºÐ¼®°ú »ê¼Ò ¿ø¼Ò ºÐ¼® µÎ°³ÀÇ ´Ü°è·Î ¼öÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


CHNS Analysis Procedure

Database ¿¡¼­ Sample name, Weight, Method, Sample type, Calibration number µî Ç׸ñÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ½ parameter ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ¸Â´Â »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¼®¹ýÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù.

- O2 flow rate : 300 ml/min
- O2 factor : 1.4 ml/mg
- Min Oxy volume : 10 ml

¹öÆ°À» ´­·¯ ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
ºÐ¼® 1ȸ ½ÇÇà ½Ã ¼Ò¿ä ½Ã°£Àº 12ºÐÀÌ´Ù.


Oxygen Analysis Procedure

Database ¿¡¼­ Sample name, Weight, Sample type, Calibration number µî Ç׸ñÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
- Method : pyrolysis
¹öÆ°À» ´­·¯ ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
ºÐ¼® 1ȸ ½ÇÇà ½Ã ¼Ò¿ä ½Ã°£Àº 6ºÐÀÌ´Ù.


CHNS Results on different Viton samples

CHNS Calibration : 0.4 - 4.0 mg ¹üÀ§ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ Sulphanilic acid (code A00000434) (C% = 41.58     H% = 4.04     N% = 8.08     S% = 18.48) ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ȹµæÇÑ calibration curve¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î CHNS °á°ú¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Oxygen Calibration : 0.4 - 4.0 mg ¹üÀ§ÀÇ EDTA (code A00000149) (O% = 43.8) ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇÑ calibration curve ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ê¼Ò¿ø¼Ò °á°ú¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

¾Æ·¡ Ç¥´Â 3mg ÀÇ »ùÇÃÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© EMASoft¢â ¿¡¼­ ÃøÁ¤µÈ %C, %H, %N, %S ¹× %O °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.







Conclusion

EMA 502 Elemental Analyzer CHNS-O ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °í¹«ÀÇ Æ¯¼º ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇØ ½ÃÇàÇϴ ź¼Ò, ¼ö¼Ò, Áú¼Ò, Ȳ ¹× »ê¼Ò ¿ø¼ÒÀÇ ÇÔ·® ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¼® °á°ú¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ºÐ¼®Àåºñ¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.


The main advantages of VELP CHNS-O elemental analyzer

¡Ü Áú¼Ò 0.001 mg ±îÁö ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÊÁ¤¹Ð ÃøÁ¤´É·Â°ú 0.2% º¸´Ù ³·Àº »ó´ëÇ¥ÁØÆíÂ÷ (RSD) ¸¦ º¸¿©Áִ Ź¿ùÇÑ ÀçÇö¼º
¡Ü Çõ½ÅÀû ±â¼ú°ú Á¤Ç° ¼Ò¸ðÇ° Áö¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº ½Ã·á´ç ÃøÁ¤ ºñ¿ë
¡Ü ¸Å¿ì ½±°í ºü¸¥ Àåºñ ¼³Ä¡
¡Ü ÀåºñÀÇ À¯Áö º¸¼ö¸¦ ´©±¸³ª ¼Õ½±°Ô ½ÇÇà °¡´É
¡Ü ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¼³°èµÈ Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ user interface
¡Ü FDA ±ÔÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¦¾à, È­ÀåÇ°, ½ÄÇ° ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇϱä À§ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀÎ 21 CFR Part 11 Package ¼³Ä¡ °¡´É (Option)



EM 502 C.H.N.S-O Elemental Analysis







 
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